Dengue worldwide

The risk factors for acquiring dengue include duration of stay, season of travel and epidemic activity at the destination14.

Any pre-travel advice on the risks of developing dengue infections should consider these factors14.

Distribution of mosquitoes15

Mozzie

Dengue is spread by a type of mosquito called Aedes, which is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of the world15.

Globally, the virus is primarily transmitted by mosquitoes, specifically by the Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus. While the species Ae. aegypti is currently not established in mainland EU, Ae. albopictus can be found in the southern and central parts of mainland EU and is spreading15.

The disease is now endemic in more than 100 countries, in the WHO Regions of Africa, the Americas, the Eastern Mediterranean, South-East Asia and the Western Pacific2.

map

Figure adapted from: Stanaway JD, et al., Lancet Infect Dis 2016; 16: 712–23 (ref. 3, fig. 2)

Sources

  1. Bouri, N. et al. Return of epidemic dengue in the United States: implications for the public health practitioner. Public Health Rep. Wash. DC 1974 127, 259–266 (2012).
  2. WHO. Dengue and severe dengue (https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/dengue-and-severe-dengue - ultimo accesso giugno 2023).
  3. Bhatia, S. et al. A Retrospective Study of Climate Change Affecting Dengue: Evidences, Challenges and Future Directions. Front. Public Health 10, (2022).
  4. Chawla, P., Yadav, A. & Chawla, V. Clinical implications and treatment of dengue. Asian Pac. J. Trop. Med. 7, 169–178 (2014).
  5. CDC. Dengue: Clinical presentation (https://www.cdc.gov/dengue/healthcare-providers/clinical-presentation.html - ultimo accesso giugno 2023).
  6. Epicentro. Febbre dengue (https://www.epicentro.iss.it/febbre-dengue/aggiornamenti - ultimo accesso giugno 2022).
  7. Tiga, D. C. et al. Persistent Symptoms of Dengue: Estimates of the Incremental Disease and Economic Burden in Mexico. Am. J.Trop. Med. Hyg. 94, 1085–1089 (2016).
  8. CDC. Dengue: Symptoms and Treatment (https://www.cdc.gov/dengue/symptoms/index.html - ultimo accesso giugno 2023).
  9. WHO. What are the symptoms of dengue fever and severe dengue? (https://www.who.int/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/dengue-and-severe-dengue - ultimo accesso giugno 2023).
  10. CDC. Dengue: Prevent Mosquito Bites (https://www.cdc.gov/dengue/prevention/prevent-mosquito-bites.html# - ultimo accesso giugno 2023).
  11. CDC. Mosquito Bite Symptoms and Treatment (https://www.cdc.gov/mosquitoes/mosquito-bites/symptoms.html - ultimo accesso giugno 2023).
  12. MedlinePlus. Dengue Fever Test (https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/dengue-fever-test/ - ultimo accesso giugno 2023).
  13. CDC. Your child or family member may have dengue fever according to their clinical history and physical examination (https://www.cdc.gov/dengue/resources/cs_205910-a.dengue-patient-ed-eng.final.pdf - ultimo accesso giugno 2023).
  14. Wilder-Smith, A. Dengue infections in travellers. Paediatr. Int. Child Health 32, 28–32 (2012).
  15. ECDC. Autochthonous vectorial transmission of dengue virus inmainland EU/EEA, 2010-present (https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/all-topics-z/dengue/surveillance-and-disease-data/autochthonous-transmission-dengue-virus-eueea - ultimo accesso giugno 2023).
  16. Stanaway JD et al. The global burden of dengue: an analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet Infect Dis 2016; 16: 712–23.